{"id":7167,"date":"2018-12-16T11:01:40","date_gmt":"2018-12-16T11:01:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/?p=7167"},"modified":"2024-05-11T22:33:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T21:33:34","slug":"early-learning-inattention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-learning-inattention\/","title":{"rendered":"Early learning: children\u2019s inattention is often smart"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Children guide their own early learning. They look elsewhere when learning slows, either because they\u2019ve mastered the material or it\u2019s become too difficult. Inattention can aid child development.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Research shows that children capably guide their own early learning, concentrating on learning experiences that are useful and avoiding those that are not. Their choices are not rooted in novelty alone. They are strategic agents of child development, seeking opportunities likely to fit their cognitive capacities. Children don\u2019t waste time on what they already know, or what is unknowable. They are experts in early learning and what they need for their own development.<\/p>\n<p>Clinical problems such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder can cause disengagement that hinders rather than helps learning. However, most inattention is good, reflecting efficient learning strategies.<\/p>\n<p>Good inattention shouldn\u2019t be corrected or pathologized. It can guide those who support children\u2019s early learning. Educators should recognize that it casts a light on what children may or may not be ready to learn. They should take cues from the children themselves on, as children alone have full access to what they already know.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-learning-inattention\/#Infants_are_agents_in_their_early_learning\" >Infants are agents in their early learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-learning-inattention\/#Choice_in_early_learning_aids_child_development\" >Choice in early learning aids child development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-learning-inattention\/#Even_infants_seek_out_material_that_is_useful_for_early_learning\" >Even infants seek out material that is useful for early learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-learning-inattention\/#The_best_attentional_strategy_depends_upon_a_childs_working_memory\" >The best attentional strategy depends upon a child\u2019s working memory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-learning-inattention\/#Early_learning_through_play_aims_to_understand_causal_relationships\" >Early learning through play aims to understand causal relationships<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Infants_are_agents_in_their_early_learning\"><\/span>Infants are agents in their early learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our research shows that the link between children\u2019s interest and their readiness to learn applies even in infancy. We\u2019ve demonstrated that children look elsewhere in search of something different when they know enough about a toy, subject, or activity. They also disengage when a task is overly complex given their current knowledge, limited cognitive skills, and working memory.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cMost inattention in children is good, reflecting efficient early learning strategies.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This is rational behavior. If you don\u2019t expect you can learn, it\u2019s smart to shift your gaze and seek enlightenment elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>Early years\u2019 practice aims to develop children\u2019s \u2018school-readiness\u2019, for which concentration is a valued skill. In this context, children\u2019s inattention may be seen as a problem, indicating compromised executive function. Inattention alone, however, is insufficient evidence of an executive function deficit. Instead, children\u2019s inattention may also indicate sound judgments about the suitability of the learning in context. Inattention can indicate that children\u2019s surroundings don\u2019t match what they need to make early learning progress.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Choice_in_early_learning_aids_child_development\"><\/span>Choice in early learning aids child development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It\u2019s challenging to design a single educational environment for a group of children who enter a classroom with vastly different previous experience and knowledge about the world. If educators design environments for the children with the least knowledge, they can expect widespread disengagement among those who know the most, as their attentional systems are designed to disengage when they encounter redundant information.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, if educators appeal to the most knowledgeable, they risk widespread disengagement among those who know the least. These children\u2019s attentional systems are designed to disengage from material that they\u2019re not yet well situated to learn. Educators want to avoid such lost opportunities. But how?<\/p>\n<p>A solution is to give children choices in their early learning. Choice lets children learn when they are ready and able. Exploring allows them to get the best out of themselves and their situations.<\/p>\n<p>This doesn\u2019t mean that every moment in an early childhood classroom must be free-play based. And children don\u2019t require choice about every activity. It can be good for children to focus on activities together and to engage with each other. Taking turns and collaborating have benefits. Nevertheless, it\u2019s important to give children considerable individualized early learning opportunities, especially in their first few years in school.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also vital to recognise that a child\u2019s inattention in a group-based activity may reflect a mismatch between that child\u2019s current knowledge and the material. Don\u2019t assume a child\u2019s inattention is a mark of willful disobedience or a clinical problem.<\/p>\n<p>Three additional aspects of children\u2019s cognitive systems for acquiring new knowledge may also be useful for educators.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7253\" style=\"width: 1412px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7253\" class=\" wp-image-7253\" src=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"early learning\" width=\"1402\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-356x237.jpg 356w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/2011-07-26_babylab_celeste_aslin_184-1-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1402px) 100vw, 1402px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: provided by author.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Even_infants_seek_out_material_that_is_useful_for_early_learning\"><\/span>Even infants seek out material that is useful for early learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some of the most compelling evidence we have from my lab on children engaged in active early learning comes from eye-tracking studies with babies. We\u2019ve shown that infants typically divert their gaze when viewing sequences that are either very expected or very surprising. The babies are most engaged by events that are a little bit, but not overly, surprising. We call this the \u201cGoldilocks effect\u201d in infant attention.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cYoung children can and will take an active role in their own early learning. You can support them as they do so by recognizing that kind of \u201cbaby genius\u201d and enabling it by providing them with choices in learning.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>These findings demonstrate that even infants\u2019 attention is driven by their existing knowledge and their expectations. Specifically, they show that infants prefer absorbing information at an intermediate rate. This strategy prevents them from wasting time on material that offers them less early learning value.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_best_attentional_strategy_depends_upon_a_childs_working_memory\"><\/span>The best attentional strategy depends upon a child\u2019s working memory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Basic cognitive abilities, like working memory, shape exploration, learning, and play. The optimal exploration strategy shifts depending upon how much working memory a learner has available. The more working memory you have, the more objects of learning you can manage at one time. The less working memory you have, the more you must return to previously attended material to maintain your understanding.<\/p>\n<p>Children have far less working memory than adults. There are also substantial individual differences in early learning across learners in general, even in the same age category. Thus we see big differences across age and individuals in how often learners need to return to material.<\/p>\n<p>Children\u2019s play patterns demonstrate these individual differences in working memory. The more working memory children have, the more complex their sequences of actions during play tend be.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_learning_through_play_aims_to_understand_causal_relationships\"><\/span>Early learning through play aims to understand causal relationships<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Children\u2019s play is often motivated by discovery. Developmental scientists such as Elizabeth Bonawitz (Rutgers Newark), Hyo Gweon (Stanford), Alison Gopnik (Berkeley), and Laura Schulz (MIT) have demonstrated that children are intrigued by uncertainty, and they structure their play in ways that reduce it.<\/p>\n<p>Children play longer with toys that violate their expectations, trying to understand the toys\u2019 underlying causal mechanisms. This is true even in infancy. Young children play to figure out how things in the world work.<\/p>\n<p>What is the takeaway from all of this? Infants and young children are more capable in guiding their own early learning than you might initially expect. So parents and educators, you can relax a little. Your children are not passive sponges, dependent entirely on you to put exactly the right things in front of them. Young children can and will take an active role in their own early learning. You can support them as they do so by recognizing that kind of \u2018baby genius\u2019 and helping it along by giving them choices in learning.<\/p>\n<div class=\"retrofit-references\">\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em>\u00a0Kidd C &amp; Hayden BY (2015), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4635443\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The psychology and neuroscience of curiosity<\/a>, National Center for Biotechnology Information<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em>\u00a0Kidd C, Piantadosi ST &amp; Aslin RN (2012), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0036399&amp;representation=PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Goldilocks Effect: Human infants allocate attention to visual sequences that are neither too simple nor too complex<\/a>, PLOS ONE, 7.5<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em>\u00a0Pelz M, Yung A &amp; Kidd C (2015),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kiddlab.com\/_files\/ugd\/0975fd_0db41d7771a64acdb70f5a6901cab6e2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantifying curiosity and exploratory play on touchscreen tablets<\/a>, Proceedings of the IDC 2015 Workshop on Digital Assessment and Promotion of Children&#8217;s Curiosity<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em>\u00a0Pelz M, Piantadosi ST &amp; Kidd C (2015), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kiddlab.com\/_files\/ugd\/0975fd_d47d1253214848f2acd5bd30cde2b4a5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The dynamics of idealized attention in complex learning environments<\/a>, Proceedings of the Fifth Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and on Epigenetic Robotics<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Children guide their own learning. They look elsewhere when learning slows, because they\u2019ve mastered the material or it\u2019s too difficult. Inattention can aid child development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":130,"featured_media":7170,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[435],"tags":[32,406,400],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7167"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/130"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7167"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19776,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7167\/revisions\/19776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}