{"id":7142,"date":"2018-12-10T19:17:32","date_gmt":"2018-12-10T19:17:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/?p=7142"},"modified":"2024-05-11T22:33:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T21:33:35","slug":"fatherhood-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/fatherhood-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"Fatherhood policy failures call for broader child development research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Governments struggle to support positive, engaged fatherhood. Macroeconomics and political science might help explain what\u2019s delaying policy reform.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Fatherhood is central to raising children well. That\u2019s an overwhelming message from half a dozen of the world\u2019s leading researchers who have contributed to the Child and Family Blog.<\/p>\n<p>There is compelling evidence that positive, engaged fatherhood walks hand in hand with good child development. Indeed, we\u2019ve known for over 30 years that positive fatherhood in the early years is one of the best predictors of a child\u2019s later success, explains <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/child-development\/engaged-fathering-healthy-parenting\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Charlie Lewis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/fatherhood-policy\/#Barriers_to_fatherhood\" >Barriers to fatherhood<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/fatherhood-policy\/#Child_development_policy_fails_low_income_fathers\" >Child development policy fails low income fathers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/fatherhood-policy\/#Support_for_motherhood_seems_easier_than_support_for_fatherhood\" >Support for motherhood seems easier than support for fatherhood<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/fatherhood-policy\/#Apply_broader_disciplines_to_child_development_research\" >Apply broader disciplines to child development research<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Barriers_to_fatherhood\"><\/span>Barriers to fatherhood<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yet almost everywhere, fathers face high, stubborn barriers to looking after their children &#8211; at work, in public services, in law, and at home. The media often paints them as incompetent, absent and largely irrelevant at best. Governments offer little support to caring fatherhood.<\/p>\n<p>Most worrying, the barriers are highest for dads on low incomes \u2013 those whose positive involvement can make most difference to their children\u2019s development. These men can offer help to children that they may find nowhere else.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cThe institutional barriers to fatherhood remain. They represent a substantial malfunctioning of child development policy.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Low-income dads can stretch their children linguistically, asking \u2018who, why, where, what\u2019 questions, finds <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/child-development\/parenting-mom-dad-policy\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Natasha Cabrera<\/a>\u2019s research. Their rough and tumble play helps children to learn to read emotions and regulate their behaviours. Fatherhood can be vital for narrowing the gap between their children\u2019s school readiness and that of better-off peers.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Child_development_policy_fails_low_income_fathers\"><\/span>Child development policy fails low income fathers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yet precisely these low-income fathers receive the least support in raising their young. They miss out on leave benefits that don\u2019t apply to the casualised work of the poorly paid. Likewise, these benefits may be unavailable to struggling non-citizens, explains <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-childhood-development\/early-child-development-parental-leave-coparenting\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Philip Hwang<\/a>, and low-income dads are often marginalised by public services.<\/p>\n<p>Mothers on welfare are financially penalised if they cohabit with their child\u2019s father, notes <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/social-emotional-learning\/social-skills-friends-fathers\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross Parke<\/a>. The state\u2019s message to the impoverished dad seems to be: \u2018If you can\u2019t pay, then don\u2019t stay.\u2019 In the long run, that can mean he\u2019s not involved with his kids.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, policy largely ignores lessons from Nordic countries about the success of lengthy \u2018use-it-or-lose-it\u2019 leave arrangements for dads, as <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/social-emotional-learning\/home-alone-parental-leave-fatherhood\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Margaret O\u2019Brien<\/a> details. And so the institutional barriers to fatherhood remain, suggesting a substantial malfunctioning of child development policy. \u2018Policy should be brought into line with what we know and what we say,\u2019 argues <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/early-childhood-development\/policy-fathers-child-development\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Lamb<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Support_for_motherhood_seems_easier_than_support_for_fatherhood\"><\/span>Support for motherhood seems easier than support for fatherhood<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It\u2019s intriguing that these same governments seem able to design policies that support motherhood, such as leave and childcare packages for mothers staying in, and returning to, the work force. What explains their persistent failure to support positive, engaged fatherhood? What\u2019s stopping governments from implementing change that experts recognise as good for children?<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a question that child development research should answer. But perhaps the skill base examining fatherhood issues \u2013 and possibly other child development questions &#8211; is too narrow. That\u2019s because the solutions for implementing fatherhood policies may sit less in, for example, developmental psychology than in fields not usually associated with child development: political science and economics.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cPolitical scientists could explain the dynamics of political systems \u2013 in Nordic countries &#8211; which have been early adopters of enlightened fatherhood policies.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>There are plenty of behavioural economists looking at child development. <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/child-development\/leaded-paint-school-achievement\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Janet Currie<\/a> at Princeton University, for example, has tested the cost effectiveness of cutting local pollution levels to improve children\u2019s learning. <a href=\"https:\/\/bold.expert\/to-what-extent-does-poverty-compromise-childrens-development\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Greg Duncan<\/a> is testing whether children\u2019s cognitive and behavioural development in disadvantaged families is improved by cutting poverty &#8211; giving their parents an extra $4,000 a year for the first 40 months.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apply_broader_disciplines_to_child_development_research\"><\/span>Apply broader disciplines to child development research<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>But macroeconomics tends to stay clear of fatherhood. Political scientists are also rarely present in the research debate. But their insights might bridge the gulf between existing child development evidence and more widespread adoption of policies supporting positive fatherhood.<\/p>\n<p>Without their research, one is left to speculate about what\u2019s going wrong. It may be that governments see policies that support positive fatherhood as at odds with a key goal: keeping their economies well-supplied with affordable workers. This goal may be good for families, providing vital income. It\u2019s also consistent with policies designed for mothers that increase their participation in the job market. But backing engaged fatherhood is more problematic.<\/p>\n<p>When fathers identify more as carers, they may shift from their traditional focus as workers. They may, then, prefer to work less, behaving more like mothers, for whom wage labour competes with the rewards of engaged parent-child relationships. In economic terms, increased caring fatherhood could be seen as equivalent in impact to a constraint on the labour supply.<\/p>\n<p>In short, governments, driven by strategies for high employment, may have little incentive to support policies that shift fathers\u2019 focus closer to home. It might even be said that most dads are exactly where most governments want them to be \u2013 at work. And if they\u2019re not, the main option that policy typically gives them is to look for work.<\/p>\n<p>This is why we need to learn more from macroeconomics about the wider and longer-term economic gains and losses that spring from supporting caring fatherhood. Insights from political scientists are also required to explain the dynamics of the Nordic countries\u2019 political systems which have been early adopters of enlightened fatherhood policies.<\/p>\n<p>We need to understand what\u2019s inspiring them and what\u2019s holding up the rest of the world. Optimising child development demands a more thorough understanding of what might encourage governments to implement father-friendly policies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Governments struggle to support positive, engaged fatherhood. Macroeconomics and political science might help explain what\u2019s delaying policy reform.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":7159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5773],"tags":[1283,5752,25,2,36,306,470,39,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7142"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7142"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17987,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7142\/revisions\/17987"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}