{"id":6293,"date":"2018-10-20T06:53:06","date_gmt":"2018-10-20T05:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/?p=6293"},"modified":"2024-05-11T22:33:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T21:33:35","slug":"play-early-childhood-development-fathers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/play-early-childhood-development-fathers\/","title":{"rendered":"Pay AND play: to enhance early childhood development, fathers should do both"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Play with dad could help bridge cognitive, social and emotional learning gaps among low-income children.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Please can we stop telling fathers just to pay for their children? They\u2019re more than walking wallets. We should also emphasise that spending time with children and playing is just as important for early childhood development. That\u2019s because play by fathers can have special, often irreplaceable qualities. Sometimes dad\u2019s way of playing involves a bit of magic and fun that can transform lives, particularly for disadvantaged children.<\/p>\n<p>So it\u2019s a mistake to demand that fathers work round the clock \u2014 perhaps for just $7 an hour \u2014 and fail to offer them support to spend time with children. That\u2019s especially true if the kids are asleep when dad gets home and there\u2019s no time to just hang out or play.<\/p>\n<p>The case for \u2018play <em>and<\/em> pay\u2019 contributing to early childhood development is particularly strong for low-income dads\u2014and not only because the cash benefits of work are low. It\u2019s also because the returns from playing with dad can be particularly significant for lower-income children, who may be a risk of doing poorly at school.<\/p>\n<p>Our research shows how these dads try to square the circle of paying <em>and<\/em> playing. In one family, the father, working three low-wage jobs, would wake up his toddler late at night when he got home so they could play for an hour or two. Otherwise they wouldn\u2019t have had time together from one Sunday to the next. The child was tired the next day, but this was the only way the father saw to manage his responsibilities both to support his child financially and to spend time with her.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cRough and tumble with dad is associated with learning to regulate emotions and manage social relationships. Dads pose more questions \u2026 boosting vocabulary, language and verbal reasoning.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Three factors explain why it\u2019s vital that public policy makers prioritise fathers playing with their young children. First, play is important for children per se in the early years. That\u2019s why it underpins institutional practice and curricula \u2013 play is recognised as a foundation of cognitive development as well as social and emotional learning. So if play is at the heart of early learning, it should also be a focus of parenting, whether by mothers or fathers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/play-early-childhood-development-fathers\/#Social_and_emotional_learning\" >Social and emotional learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/play-early-childhood-development-fathers\/#Cognitive_development\" >Cognitive development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/play-early-childhood-development-fathers\/#Child_development_in_low-income_families\" >Child development in low-income families<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/play-early-childhood-development-fathers\/#Policy_can_support_play_with_fathers\" >Policy can support play with fathers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_and_emotional_learning\"><\/span>Social and emotional learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Second, research shows that play with dad can deliver elements of child development that mom might not offer as much or as often. For example, the rough and tumble with dad is associated with learning how to regulate emotions and manage social relationships. This learning is then transferred to peer relationships and is vital for a successful adult life.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cognitive_development\"><\/span><strong>Cognitive development<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fathers can also act as challenging communication partners for children from an early age, aiding cognitive development. They tend to speak to their children differently from the way mothers do. Dads pose more questions that require conversation. They particularly use <em>wh<\/em>-questions, such as \u2018what, why, who, when\u2019. These types of questions encourage complex responses from children, boosting their vocabulary and language. Such skills can then provide pathways for enhanced development of verbal reasoning.<\/p>\n<p>These two factors, perhaps, are reason enough for rethinking advice to and support for fathers around play. But the third factor should be a clincher for policy makers who seek to reduce poverty\u2019s impact on early childhood development.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6294\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6294\" class=\"wp-image-6294 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/shutterstock_288152312.jpg\" alt=\"play, fathers, early childhood development, cognitive development\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Father play is a promising place to start in any quest to break the link between poverty in childhood and impoverished education and learning. That\u2019s because some, though not all, low income dads are extremely good at the challenging <em>wh<\/em>-question communications which so benefit children\u2019s cognitive development. They can also be very good at the rough and tumble play that support children\u2019s social and emotional learning. Indeed, in play, some low-income fathers are at least as competent as some of the most able middle-class fathers. Many low-income dads are invested and motivated to make sure their children have the best chance to achieve a good life.<\/p>\n<p>This is good news for policy makers and social scientists who wish to bridge the stubborn cognitive development gap between low- and higher-income children that emerges even before kindergarten.<\/p>\n<p>We know some causes of the cognitive development gap, such as less access to educational resources and lower educational achievement among parents with low incomes. They can be summed up as \u2018lower human capital\u2019. It\u2019s often difficult to boost the levels of human capital among lower-income families, at least in the short term. But there is also tremendous variability \u2013 many low-income dads and moms provide high quality support for their children to ensure their optimal development.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Child_development_in_low-income_families\"><\/span>Child development in low-income families<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not all low-income families are toxically poor. They have capacities to mitigate the effects of poverty on children\u2019s cognitive development so the next generation has a real opportunity to thrive educationally. For example, a capacity for influential \u2018father play\u2019 exists in many disadvantaged families and when mobilised, the evidence shows, can be important for early childhood development. But this capacity can also easily be squandered amid today\u2019s limiting public narratives and policy approaches to fatherhood. These tend to promote an erroneous attitude that playing with dad is marginal to child development and insignificant beside a father\u2019s central role \u2013 to work and provide income for his children.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cIf fathers are going to \u2018pay and play\u2019, we must rethink how \u2018responsible\u2019 dads are defined and how they should be supported.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>So what is to be done? First, fathers should understand that they have skills and responsibilities to play in particular ways with their children. They should also know that the way they engage with their children matters for their social, emotional and cognitive development. The particularity of their input means that it\u2019s not a responsibility they can pass to mothers, other siblings or outsiders. They have something special to offer early childhood development through play. If they don\u2019t use it, then their children might lose it.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Policy_can_support_play_with_fathers\"><\/span>Policy can support play with fathers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Policy has to change, too. It is hard to legislate for play. But policy makers can tell fathers, their partners and the public some facts from well-established research about early childhood development. And they can provide opportunities for father play. They can also offer policies and programs that include parental leave when a child is born or when a father needs time off work to attend to his child\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n<p>If the authorities insist, for example, that dads pay child support after parental breakups, but visitation time is not universally built in, then they\u2019re letting the children down. If Head Start talks only about moms, it diminishes fathers\u2019 opportunities to do a good job. All of this has implications about how, for example, leave arrangements for fathers are structured and how early years services are delivered. If fathers are going to \u2018pay <em>and<\/em> play\u2019, we must rethink how \u2018responsible\u2019 dads are defined and how they should be supported.Policymakers should ensure that fathers have the supports they need to develop positive relationship with their children: coparenting support, parental leave, flextime, and ensuring that when parents are separated they both learn to coparent positively and in ways that are beneficial to children.Ensure that programs reach out to fathers, too, not just mothers. Often when we say parents, we mean mothers. Programs should develop different strategies and reaching out strategies for fathers \u2013 saying to moms \u201cyour husband\/partner is welcome\u201d is not the same thing as saying \u201cyou, as the father of xx, needs to be here\u2026 your partner\/wife is also welcome\u201d.<\/p>\n<div class=\"retrofit-references\">\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em>\u00a0Cabrera N, Karberg E, Malin J, Aldoney D (2017), \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/imhj.21682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The magic of play: Low-income mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 playfulness and children\u2019s emotion regulation and vocabulary skills<\/a>, Journal of Infant Mental Health, 38.6<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Play with fathers could help bridge cognitive, social and emotional learning gaps among low-income children.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":6295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5773,5780,438],"tags":[35,1283,5751,25,2,267,400,39,455,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6293"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6293"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17991,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6293\/revisions\/17991"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}