{"id":3370,"date":"2017-05-15T06:36:49","date_gmt":"2017-05-15T05:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/?p=3370"},"modified":"2024-05-11T22:33:45","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T21:33:45","slug":"children-reading-better-parents-believe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/children-reading-better-parents-believe\/","title":{"rendered":"Children&#8217;s reading better if parents believe they can &#8211; and help well"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Funding parental support for reading is more cost-effective than funding classroom support \u2013 and is particularly beneficial for boys.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Many parents underestimate their children\u2019s reading potential. It\u2019s not unusual for them to say: \u201cMy boy\u2019s not that good at reading, and that\u2019s the way he is.\u201d So they\u2019re less inclined to make an effort to read with their children. They tend to believe that it won\u2019t help much, that their children\u2019s skills and abilities are fixed.<\/p>\n<p>This \u201cfixed mind-set\u201d is mistaken. Children who read more get better at it, whether or not they are good at the outset. Furthermore, our research shows particular improvement among children whose parents have this mind-set, if they are offered advice on the benefits of helping and a concrete way to support the child. In these cases, children can make significant progress in both reading and writing. The improvements are at least as significant as those achieved through methods that support classroom learning. They\u2019re also a lot less expensive, which suggests that educators should reconsider how they spend their funds on reading support.<\/p>\n<p>Our findings raise many fascinating possibilities that are currently the subject of further research. First, might the same problem of parental underestimation apply to other basic skills, such as numeracy? If so, could encouragement of more positive attitudes and giving parents straightforward ways to help their children be similarly cost-effective in improving children\u2019s mathematical skills?<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/children-reading-better-parents-believe\/#Poorer_children_benefited\" >Poorer children benefited<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/children-reading-better-parents-believe\/#Talking_about_reading\" >Talking about reading<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/children-reading-better-parents-believe\/#Largest_reading_gains_among_underestimated_children\" >Largest reading gains among underestimated children<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/children-reading-better-parents-believe\/#Approach_is_good_value_for_money\" >Approach is good value for money<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poorer_children_benefited\"><\/span>Poorer children benefited<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cThe biggest improvements were for children whose parents had previously strongly underestimated their capacity to read better.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Our insights may also begin to offer what the social sciences value highly \u2013 new ways to reduce the impact that socioeconomic status typically imposes on children\u2019s achievement. We know that poverty is linked to lower expectations of children\u2019s performance. Our findings show that with the right supports, parents with such low expectations can be helped to bring about significant improvements in their children\u2019s educational outcomes. The improvements we identified were found even among poorer parents and immigrants.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Talking_about_reading\"><\/span>Talking about reading<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our randomised trial involved 1,587 children aged 8 to 9 from 72 classrooms in Denmark. We gave parents a booklet and access to an online video explaining that their child\u2019s reading ability could be improved, whether the child was already good or bad at reading.<\/p>\n<p>Second grade is when children typically start to read for themselves, making the leap from decoding single words to comprehending text and relating it to their own lives. Parents talking with their children about a book before, during, and after reading can be a way to help them shift from decoding to proper understanding.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why, for our study, we used what\u2019s called a \u201cdialogical reading model\u201d. We provided some books and specific guidance on how to talk about books with children in a constructive and positive manner. So, for example, before children began the first page, parents encouraged them to read the front title and the back cover to gain an overview. Then they helped with difficult words as the children read. Once children had finished, parents were advised to talk to them about what they had read and how it related to their lives. We recommended that parents praise the children\u2019s effort, rather than performance or results.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3374\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3374\" class=\"wp-image-3374 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b-356x267.jpg 356w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b-50x37.jpg 50w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/6585934433_54daa8ecdc_b-500x375.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3374\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/yooperann\/6585934433\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ann Fisher<\/a>. Creative Commons.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Largest_reading_gains_among_underestimated_children\"><\/span>Largest reading gains among underestimated children<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We found that such involvement was associated with the biggest changes among children whose parents had previously strongly underestimated their capacity to read better. During the two-month experiment, the reading age of such children improved by six months, compared to a four-month average improvement for all children in the study. Their writing also got better. Meanwhile, the control group, not subject to the programme, gained two months in reading age, as one would have expected.<\/p>\n<p>Our data don\u2019t allow us to separate fully the effect of shifting parental mind-sets from the effect of reading support strategies. However, our findings clearly show that the biggest impact was on children whose parents had most underestimated their potential to get better at reading.<\/p>\n<p>We also found that the rate of reading improvement tailed off about seven months after the experiment began. This suggests that support for parents\u2019 positive attitudes \u2013 and the provision of reading strategies &#8211; may need to be strengthened over time to ensure that they sustain their efforts.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approach_is_good_value_for_money\"><\/span>Approach is good value for money<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cA similar approach might work to enhance children\u2019s numeracy and social and emotional skills. We\u2019re designing studies to examine this question.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Engaging parents to directly support children\u2019s reading is much cheaper than increasing the time children spend with teachers in school. We have run randomised trials that increased children\u2019s lessons and the numbers of co-teachers in the classroom. These changes had effects of similar magnitude on reading skills but cost at least twice as much.<\/p>\n<p>We suspect that a similar approach might work to enhance children\u2019s numeracy and social and emotional skills. Parents\u2019 views of their children\u2019s reading potential may reflect more deep-seated attitudes about their skills in general. We are designing studies to examine this question.<\/p>\n<p>Our researchers are also trying to assess how parents from different socioeconomic backgrounds may underestimate the effects of spending time with their children. Our studies so far suggest that people from lower socioeconomic groups don\u2019t fully appreciate the positive impact that they could have on their children\u2019s educational achievement. We are looking for ways to reverse this underestimation, so that children enjoy more positive support in learning. This work may help to alter the strong relationship between parent\u2019s poorer educational background and children\u2019s lower educational achievements.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also worth noting that the reading improvements children gained in our study were more pronounced for boys than girls. This may reflect the fact that the boys generally performed worse at the outset, leaving more room for improvement. However, it may also be that parents are more inclined to underestimate boys\u2019 reading potential. If so, reversing this inclination could prove particularly fruitful for increasing boys\u2019 achievement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"retrofit-references\">\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em>\u00a0Andersen SC &amp; Nielsen HS (2016), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/113\/43\/12111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading intervention with a growth mindset approach improves children\u2019s skills<\/a>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 113.43<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Funding parental support for reading is more cost-effective than funding classroom support \u2013 and is particularly beneficial for boys.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":3376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[435],"tags":[477,25,2,451,402,306,267,39,396],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3370"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3370"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21123,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3370\/revisions\/21123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}