{"id":15478,"date":"2020-10-14T21:03:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-14T20:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/?p=15478"},"modified":"2024-06-24T09:38:53","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T08:38:53","slug":"pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Pandemic shows children\u2019s well-being rests on parents&#8217; psychological health"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>The mental health of stressed young people was transformed at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic: Many felt better. Anxiety and symptoms of depression dropped among older, high-achieving children in the United States. That was particularly true for students about to graduate from high school, our research in U.S. schools has found.<\/p>\n<p>Why? Children relaxed \u2026 for a bit. COVID-19 provided a full stop to the busyness of some teenage lives. The treadmill of pressure, activities, and commitments halted. Out went crisscrossing among band practice, sports clubs, social activities, and hours of homework into the small hours. Lockdowns brought that high-octane life to a sudden standstill.<\/p>\n<p>Children got more sleep \u2013 they weren\u2019t leaving home at 7 am. Many schools had staggered hours and reduced the pressure, shifting from grading assignments to awarding a pass or fail. Social anxiety was reduced \u2013 a teenager didn\u2019t need to worry about being left out of the lunch table or not being invited to parties that no longer happened. Missing out on a romantic relationship didn\u2019t matter as much \u2013 kids were not seeing seemingly happy couples at school or at social gatherings.<\/p>\n<p>But this break didn\u2019t last. As we worked with schools through the arrival of summer, we found that anxiety and depression had risen again among older high school students. Their initial relief morphed into feeling that life was unsettling, scary, and lonely &#8212; young people experienced grief about incomplete endings and fears about what might lie ahead.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cAnxiety and depression dropped initially for older, high-achieving children in the United States.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #121c4e;color:#121c4e\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/#Middle_school_children_less_relieved\" >Middle school children less relieved<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/#Parents_and_teachers_vital_for_resilience\" >Parents and teachers vital for resilience<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/#Parents_need_proper_care\" >Parents need proper care\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/#%E2%80%9CBurned_out%E2%80%9D_teachers_need_help_too\" >\u201cBurned out\u201d teachers need help, too<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/#Which_aspects_of_home_life_were_most_helpful\" >Which aspects of home life were most helpful?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/pandemic-shows-childrens-well-being-rests-on-parents-psychological-health\/#Manage_technology_expectations_and_assignments\" >Manage technology, expectations, and assignments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Middle_school_children_less_relieved\"><\/span>Middle school children less relieved<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Children in middle school did not have even the initial relief \u2013 in our survey, anxiety and depression stayed at previous levels for them. That\u2019s probably because virtual communication is more challenging for children of this age. Their peer groups are less well formed and less stable than those of 16- to 18-year-olds. If you are an awkward, insecure 12-year-old with few social connections, it can be easier to casually share confidences with friends at soccer practice or while walking around than to do so from home via Zoom. Self-consciousness kicks in: \u201cWill they like my room?\u201d \u201cWill they see my family?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve learned a lot about what helps children of all ages feel good in a period characterized by prolonged uncertainty, with no end in sight. Two predictors of their well-being stand out: the well-being of parents and the supportiveness of teachers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15407\" style=\"width: 2058px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15407\" class=\"wp-image-15407 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-356x237.jpg 356w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14198669680_ab464e8841_k-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15407\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/kk\/14198669680\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kris kr\u00fcg<\/a>. Creative Commons.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parents_and_teachers_vital_for_resilience\"><\/span>Parents and teachers vital for resilience<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>First, we found strong, unique links between adolescents\u2019 depression and anxiety and whether they felt their parents were coping well. When children felt their parents maintained a calm, stable home and were in good enough shape to provide emotional support, they were likely to be doing well. This was true across ages, genders, and races. Our finding is in sync with a major report published last year on children\u2019s well-being by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Its take-home message: If you want children to do well, the single most important step is to ensure that the parents are doing well themselves.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cWhen children felt their parents maintained a calm, stable home and were in good enough shape to provide emotional support, they were likely to be doing well.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Second, our research found that the support of key adults \u2013 and teachers in particular \u2013 was vital to children in maintaining their well-being. In open-ended questions on what was going well in their schools, children and youth responded most often with answers such as, \u201cMy teacher cares about me and reaches out to me,\u201d and \u2018I really like that my teachers check in on how I\u2019m feeling and not just my school work.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parents_need_proper_care\"><\/span>Parents need proper care<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>These two observations should inform practice and policy. The first highlights that we need to expand the focus of policy and practice beyond just styles of parenting. Children\u2019s well-being depends not simply on quality of care but is linked directly to parents\u2019 own well-being. During the pandemic, adults \u2013 just like children \u2013 also require love, <a href=\"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/what-is-gentle-parenting-and-is-it-good-for-children\/\">gentleness<\/a>, comfort, and stability. This helps the adults ensure that their children feel well looked after.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CBurned_out%E2%80%9D_teachers_need_help_too\"><\/span>\u201cBurned out\u201d teachers need help, too<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Teachers\u2019 welfare is also important, not just for its own sake, but also because these adults provide valuable care and support for students. During the pandemic, we surveyed U.S. teachers\u2019 well-being. Stress rates stayed steady, but clinically significant burnout has risen sharply among educators since March 2020. The risk factors seem to be lack of clarity about what they are required to do and blurry boundaries between work and recreation. These findings reflect how many teachers have worked long hours and had few breaks over the summer. Their needs should also be supported, especially if they are to play their role in bolstering children\u2019s resilience.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_aspects_of_home_life_were_most_helpful\"><\/span>Which aspects of home life were most helpful?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our research about children during the COVID-19 pandemic identified three factors, , that reliably predicted anxiety and depression in children. By far the most important was having a low-quality relationship with parents. Following this was lack of structure to the day (separating time for leisure or fun), and high levels of distraction or inability to focus on schoolwork.<\/p>\n<p>Parents and schools can help address each of these factors. For parents, the challenge in these very difficult circumstances is to stay well themselves. Stress levels have risen for all and it is important that parents share their burdens with others and, where necessary \u2013 and if they can \u2013 seek professional help.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manage_technology_expectations_and_assignments\"><\/span>Manage technology, expectations, and assignments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For schools, an important task is to support their teachers well. Professional development programs must address directly the psychological burdens educators take on as they support their students through the pandemic. For students, schools should ensure that their days are well-structured and that lessons are not too long. Online technology should be streamlined so children are not juggling between different platforms. Educators should scale back expectations and focus on the core skills children need, letting go of much of the rest. Teachers should coordinate with other teachers when making assignments and scheduling due dates. It doesn\u2019t take much figuring out to ensure, for example, that Monday is science homework day, Tuesday is math homework day, and so on. This helps children have a predictable and manageable week.<\/p>\n<p>None of us should forget, if life begins to return to how it once was, that there was something wrong with the overly busy schedules of many children\u2019s lives. The figures for serious anxiety and depression tell the story. COVID-19 has brought its own problems, but the temporary sense of relaxation it has offered some children shows that life was not that healthy beforehand. Children deserve better than the old normal.<\/p>\n<div class=\"retrofit-references\">\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em> Luthar SS, Kumar NL &amp; Zillmer N (2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/record\/2019-65949-001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High Achieving Schools connote significant risks for adolescents: Problems documented, processes implicated, and directions for interventions<\/a>, American Psychologist<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em> Luthar SS, Ebbert AE &amp; Kumar NL (In press), Risk and resilience during COVID-19: A new study in the Zigler paradigm of developmental science, Development and Psychopathology<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em> Authentic Connections (2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.authconn.com\/files\/Authentic%20Connections%20SRS%20White%20Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Student Resilience Survey: Preliminary Findings and Recommendations<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em> Luthar SS &amp; Kumar NL (2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nais.org\/participate\/webinars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mental health matters: Fostering resilience during COVID-19 school closures<\/a>, National Association of Independent Schools, April 27 (webinar)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em> Luthar SS, Kumar NL &amp; Zillmer N (2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21683603.2019.1694112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Teachers\u2019 responsibilities for students\u2019 mental health: Challenges in high achieving schools<\/a>, International Journal of School &amp; Educational Psychology, 8<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 1.8em;\"><em> Luthar SS &amp; Mendes SH (2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/21683603.2020.1721385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trauma informed schools: Supporting educators as they support the children<\/a>, International Journal of School &amp; Educational Psychology, 8<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pandemic shows children\u2019s well-being depends on parents staying in good mental shape.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"featured_media":15406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5769,438],"tags":[5669,384,33,306,48,5793,6,272],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/152"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15478"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21219,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478\/revisions\/21219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/childandfamilyblog.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}